Studying these topics prepares students for future academic pursuits and careers in software development, data science, and IT. Understanding this syllabus is the foremost step for excellent marks in Class XII Computer Science board exam.
CBSE Class 12th Computer Science Syllabus 2025-26
Total marks: 100
Theory: 70 marks
Practical: 30 marks
Theory (70 Marks):
Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2
Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.
Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default. parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope).
Exception Handling: Introduction, handling exceptions using try-except-finally blocks.
Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths.
Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file.
Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file.
CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using writer(), writerow(), writerows() and read from a csv file using reader().
Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack using list.
Unit 2: Computer Networks
Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)
Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting
Unit 3: Database Management
Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or format() to perform queries
Practical (30 Marks):
Lab Test (12 Marks):
Python Program: 8 marks
60% for logic
20% for documentation
20% for code quality
SQL Queries: 4 marks
Four queries based on one or two tables
Report File (7 Marks):
Minimum 15 Python programs
Minimum 5 sets of SQL queries using one or two tables
Minimum 4 programs based on Python–SQL connectivity
Project (8 Marks)
Viva Voce (3 Marks)
Preparing well for the CBSE 12th class Computer Science syllabus gives students a strong edge in today’s technology-driven world. It not only helps build essential programming and problem-solving skills but also opens doors to future studies and careers in computer science and IT.
This syllabus ensures that students learn how to code in Python, manage databases, and understand computer networks, and gain the confidence to create, explore, and use technology in smarter, more meaningful ways.
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